Automatic firearm



Oct. 8, l935. N. MANCINI 2,0155646 A AUTOMATIC FIREARM l Filed Nov. 21, 1952 2 sheets-Sheet 2 @VMM Nlccoo'Moncm Nn-ENTOR;

B3 A k Harney Patented ct. 8, 1935 2,o1e,s4s

AUTOMATIC Niccol'Manclni, Florence, Italy Application November 21, 1932, semina-643,624

In Italy June 3, 1932' The present invention has for its object a firing or safety mechanism, especiallyv intended for machine guns with a recoil barrel and double-armed block lever, of safe and simple constructionand functioning.

More especially, one of the main characteristics of the invention residesin the special structure of the trigger which, in combination with the peculiar conformation of the lire-pin, is designed to prevent the casual discharge of the arm when unguarded.

Another characteristic feature of said trigger consists in holding the breech block open o'n the cessation of firing and thus preventing the cartridge from remaining within the barrel, with a view of hindering its ignition'on the barrel be-l 'y coming heated to excess. I

Further special features, which will be specified hereinafter, concern the regulatablecontrivance Fig. 3 with the breech in firing position, the.

breech block at a moment of its forward course, the fire-pin held by the block lever; in Y Fig. 4 with the breech and breech block in the firing position and the fire-pin at a moment of its forward course; in

Fig. 5, as above, but with the breech block stationary upon the trigger.

Figs. 6, 7, 8 represent various cross sections of.

the trigger which is seen in Fig. 9 in perspective form.

Now with reference to the drawings as specied above, in which like parts are marked with like references, the arm is essentially composed of:-

A frame or support I and of a movable breech 2 with its spring 2'; of a breech block 3 and a nre-pin 4 with their springs 3 and 4'; of a double-armed block lever 5 pivoted by means of the pin 'I on the movable breech k2, whose front arm is attached at its extremity to the spring 5' xed to the breech, while the end of the rear arm carries the snap tooth 6 with its spring 6'. The movable breech 2 also carries the trigger 9 with Its spring 9' and with the lrest of its movable parts which willy/be particularly described in the. sequel, while to the frame or support is ixed the inclined plane 8 and the actuating knob 9". Immersed in the oil contained in the box I3; xed to the frame or support, there is the pump 5 I4 with its piston and` spring I5', the said piston being furnished with an extension adapted tov emerge from the box I3 in order to maintain contact with the'movable breech.

The 4operation of the arm, familiar in its gen- 10 eral details,- .and with special reference to the firing and safety mechanism concerned, is as fol-4 lowszon the ming ,of the shot, the barra-breech 2 recoils,v carrying along with it the breechlblock 15 @,the lire-pin 4, as well as the block lever 5, and compressing the spring 2'.

During thisvretrograde movement the lever 5- 'encounters the inclined plane 8 which compels it at the same time, withdrawing the case from the 25 fired cartridge and conveying the re-pin 4 to its extreme retrograde position against its spring 4'.

The trigger being assumed to be still actuated, the springs 3' and'4' push forward the breech yblock 3 and fire-pinl 4, Fig.'3. The latter comes 30 to a standstill with itstooth I'I upon the tooth 6 of the block lever 5 until the breech block 3 shallhave reached its normal firing position, because then only can the lever 5 obey the action of the compressed spring 5' and turn about its pivot 1, 35 being once more fast upon the breech block 3 in order toblock the latter. Nosooner has this occurred, than the fire-pin 4, having become disengaged from'the block lever tooth I1 from tooth 6 is enabled to'descend in order to lproduce igni- 40 tion.

It might, however, happenthat, owing to the imperfect introduction of the cartridge into the arm, the block lever 5 would be unable completely to settle uponthe. breech block 3, in which'case-( the fire-pin 4 would remain in but the least possible engagement with the tooth 6. It would be natural for the ilrer, on hearing nogreport,v tog relinquish the trigger, in order to examine the weapon. A shock of any nature might cause the l against the tooth I9 of the trigger 9. g

The latter also serves to holdthe breech block open on ilrlng being suspended, thus ensuring,r

as-is highly desirable in automatic flre-arms, the introduction of the cartridge intol the barrel at the instant of ring only. The other tooth 20 of the trigger allows the attainment of this Vresult by checking the breech block. In Fig. 6 is shown the trigger '9 with its tooth 20 lowered; in Fig. 7 with the same raised through the action of the tooth 2| of the breech block, in Fig. 8 with the' tooth. 20 again lowered after the passage of the breech block. 'I'he tooth 2| of the breech block, in its recoil, pushes up the tooth 20 which, however, urged by the spring 9', once more descends as soon asthe tooth 2| has passed beyond it. It, therefore, holds the breech block in its extreme position of recoil. It is only on the knob 9" being again pressed, that the said breech block is released and enabled to start forward in order to reassume its position. K

The breech block must preferably remain open during the cessation of ring or between two rounds of shots, so that no cartridge remain in the barrel when the'barrel is hot. This will avoid involuntary lfiring. In its course passing vbeyond the tooth 20 (see Fig. 9), the tooth 2| is 4held back with the breech block leaving the cartridge in its reservoir, and leaving the barrel empty until the following pressure on the trigger.

Owing to this pressure the tooth 20 is raised and withdraws from the tooth 2|. The breech block then starts forward bringing the cartridge into the barrel and causes the firing. l

Fig. 9 shows the detent in perspective and in Figs. 6-7 the detent is shown in front view within the nre-arm, and in side elevation, partly in secfchannels I6 leading to those tion, in Figs. l, 2 and 3. This detent may be moved up and down by means of the stud I" (see Figs. 1-3) which is connected with it through a bell .crank and a'centrally plvoted lever (Figs. 1-3). The stud 9" isactuated by finger pressure. The detent will be moved also in response tothe return movement of the obturator l. The obturaf tor 3 slides with its projection 2| (Figs. 4-8) along the inclined plane 20 of detent 9 (Fig. 9) and raises the detent as shown in Fig. 7. Theobturator is locked in the position shown in Fig. 2 un less the vstud 9" is depressed to move the detent into the position shown in Fig. 3. Owing to this arrangement no cartridge need be left in the barrel.

lows:-At each stroke the piston Il Fig. 2 is coinpelled by its spring I5' to follow the breech 2. 'I'he latter, returning to the firing position, again i 15 The lubrication of the arm is effected as folpushes forward the piston within its pum-stock. 2o

whereby the surrounding oil, contained in the box I3, is injected into the special small lubricating parts of the arm that call for the lubricant.

Having now. particularly described and ascer- 25 tained the nature 'of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

In an automatic fire-arm, a recoiling barrel, a

movable obturator, a double armed lever at the 30 'end of said barrel for connecting the latter with said obturator, a tooth on the free end of said lever, means including an inclined surface for rocking said lever to disconnect the barrel from the obturator, a percussive device carrying a tooth which during the advance of the percussion device encounters the tooth on the free end of the, lever in its rocked position until the obturator reaches the endv of its movement,l and a sprlng opposing the roc'kingof said lever and returning it to normal when said obturator reaches the end of its movement.

mccoL MANCINI. 

